Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng theo \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen. B\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n h\u00f3a. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ec7 gen h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 20.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 25.000 gen m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein trong b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kho\u1ea3ng 40.000 ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u protein \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ec7 phi\u00ean m\u00e3 [1].\u00a0V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen, \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, hai \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 [2]\u00a0v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p [3] \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy x\u00e9t khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m 10.000 lo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u gen theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 vi khu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c theo k\u1ecbp nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. <\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ed7i c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111a ng\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ca b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nhanh, s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111ang gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Trong n\u0103m 2016, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 16% chi ph\u00ed ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 500 t\u1ef7 USD, cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a [4]. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo \u0111\u00fang h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n n\u0103m t\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. <\/p>\n
[1]<\/a> Transcriptome Fact Sheet,\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>https:\/\/www.genome.gov\/about-genomics\/fact-sheets\/Transcriptome-Fact-Sheet<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>\u00a0Gopalakrishnan, V., et al. (2018)\u00a0“Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients.” Science<\/em>. 359(6371), pp.97-103.<\/p>\n