{"id":146981,"date":"2019-04-30T05:23:14","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T05:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/acf_article\/xet-nghiem-cho-tre-em-va-xet-nghiem-dong-mau-lam-cho-cac-gia-tri-tham-chieu-dua-tren-tuoi-tac-tro-nen-de-dang-hon-cho-phong-xet-nghiem-cua-ban\/"},"modified":"2026-02-17T13:11:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T13:11:11","slug":"coagulation-and-paediatric-testing-make-age-based-reference-values-easier-for-your-lab","status":"publish","type":"acf_article","link":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/disease-area\/coagulation\/coagulation-and-paediatric-testing-make-age-based-reference-values-easier-for-your-lab\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u: l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u \u1edf tr\u1ebb em: Kho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 nhi khoa n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf\u201d \u2013 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1u\u00a0v\u00e0 procalcitonin. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c chia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. <\/strong>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian prothrombin (PT) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thromboplastin m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a (aPTT). N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 PT v\u00e0 aPTT th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 30% tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 1-10 tu\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i <\/strong>ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i sau sinh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i thai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb sinh non [1].

\"B\u1ea3ng\"
B\u1ea3ng: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu \u1edf tr\u1ebb em cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean so v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn [2]<\/figcaption><\/figure>C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 theo nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean protein C ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 63,0% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 90,7% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn [3]. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ki\u1ec3u tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 sinh ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u huy\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. <\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e1u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho bu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1m theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ed5 sung cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh. V\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kali v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00f4 c\u01a1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kali l\u00e0 3,2\u00a0mmol\/L s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chung gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb em. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb alanine aminotransferase (ALT) b\u1eb1ng 8U\/L\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb 10 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf n\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh nam.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o:<\/p>\n