{"id":147056,"date":"2025-07-29T02:46:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T02:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/acf_article\/tai-dinh-huong-an-toan-truyen-mau-cac-ngan-hang-mau-khu-vuc-chau-a-thai-binh-duong-co-the-chu-dong-phong-ngua-rui-ro-truyen-mau-nhu-the-nao\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T04:14:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T04:14:29","slug":"rethinking-blood-safety-how-apac-blood-banks-can-stay-ahead-of-transfusion-risks","status":"publish","type":"acf_article","link":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/disease-area\/blood-screening-2\/rethinking-blood-safety-how-apac-blood-banks-can-stay-ahead-of-transfusion-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng an to\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u: c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ed9i dung:<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. T\u1eeb kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn RNA: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Phi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng: tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh: b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic: c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao.<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: t\u1ea1i sao x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virus ti\u1ebfp theo<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng: hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m cao<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro. Truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, sinh n\u1edf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u (TTIs) v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t ra sao, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ebfp theo. Trong b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HIV, vi\u00eam gan B (HBV) v\u00e0 vi\u00eam gan C (HCV) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh [1]. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cao trong d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 Zika [2]. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc trong m\u00e1u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    T\u1eeb kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn RNA: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed7i m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9. M\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ba l\u1edbp \u2192 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng \u2192 S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc huy\u1ebft thanh \u2192 X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic (NAT).<\/p>\n

    Phi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u: tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n

    Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong an to\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. Phi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c nhau, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 khai b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng khai th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai s\u00f3t. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ea7n 45% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi vi r\u00fat vi\u00eam gan B (HBV) trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng [3]. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng: r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn [4].<\/p>\n

    X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh: b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi\u00eam gan v\u00e0 HIV v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a HIV, vi\u00eam gan B (HBV), vi\u00eam gan C (HCV) v\u00e0 giang mai, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1ec7nh giang mai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra “c\u0169” ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ca nhi\u1ec5m giang mai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m giang mai trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0,42%, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi [5,6]. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u (TTIs) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi “kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1eeda s\u1ed5”. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic: c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n

    K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic (NAT) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m NAT v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u cao nh\u01b0 HIV, HBV v\u00e0 HCV, ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng [7].<\/p>\n

    X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. Nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai (x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh) b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, th\u00ec l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 ba (NAT) tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp RNA ho\u1eb7c DNA c\u1ee7a virus, NAT thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, NAT \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HBV, HCV v\u00e0 HIV. NAT so v\u1edbi Huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> HIV<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 trung b\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 18 ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 ng\u00e0y [8]. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m RNA, RNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u00e0y sau khi l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HIV [9]. HCV<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 HCV c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kho\u1ea3ng 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 11 tu\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi HCV cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 HCV. RNA HCV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 tu\u1ea7n sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi HCV [10]. HBV <\/strong>DNA HBV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong hai tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, trong khi HBsAg xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong huy\u1ebft thanh t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn 10 tu\u1ea7n sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 men gan t\u0103ng cao [11,12]. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u NAT v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n HCV c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 0,27 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u [13]. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t HBV (HBsAg) l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y 0,3% ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HBsAg v\u1eabn mang DNA HBV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m vi\u00eam gan B ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n (OBI). Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng NAT [14].<\/p>\n

    Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: t\u1ea1i sao x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh: HIV, HBV, HCV v\u00e0 Giang mai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc. S\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc cao, \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/strong><\/em> S\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, virus l\u00e2y lan r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 87% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m virus k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 9 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 RNA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t [2]. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, RNA virus s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,3% m\u1eabu m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, trong khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh chikungunya ho\u1eb7c Zika. T\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong 0,07% m\u1eabu, b\u1ec7nh chikungunya trong 0,03% v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Zika trong 0,02%. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m virus trong m\u00e1u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u nh\u00ecn chung th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a virus trong m\u00e1u \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2y qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft [15]. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi NAT, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n RNA virus, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u [2]. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft do truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Singapore, Brazil v\u00e0 Puerto Rico, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng [2]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng quy RNA virus Dengue ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch. Zika: Nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/strong><\/em> M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Zika \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t n\u0103m 2015-2016 \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. T\u1ea1i Puerto Rico, RNA virus Zika \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u01a1n 1% m\u1eabu m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m Zika do truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf Brazil, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch [13]. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Zika v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft c\u00f3 chung c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n khi truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Zika tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc NAT c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc NAT th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus Zika hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n [7]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

    L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virus ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n

    T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2013, h\u01a1n 30 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n virus West Nile (WNV) qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c [13]. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc NAT theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c TTI li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn WNV [16]. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 virus West Nile kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro. Khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u2013 ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh \u2013 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng: hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m cao<\/h2>\n

    Babesia microti, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua ve, g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. B\u1ec7nh babesiosis l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u (TTB) c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong kho\u1ea3ng 19% [17]. Khi s\u1ed1 ca m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao b\u00f2 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u theo khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 89.000 l\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc Babesia microti \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,38% d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quanh n\u0103m v\u00e0 13% \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3. \u1ede c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Connecticut v\u00e0 Massachusetts, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh babesiosis l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u (TTB) n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i 18.074 l\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, cho th\u1ea5y nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m g\u1ea5p t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n [18]. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u tuy hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p soi ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t. \u1ede c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh, WHO c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch enzyme (EIA) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t [19]. K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n d\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean EIA ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 100 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng\/\u00b5L, ho\u1eb7c 45 tri\u1ec7u k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng trong 450 mL m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng [20,21]. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean NAT \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m RNA ribosome (rRNA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean DNA. RNA ribosome c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi axit nucleic b\u1ed9 gen, v\u1edbi 1 \u00d7 10^4 b\u1ea3n sao rRNA tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a P. falciparum [22]. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rRNA, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng trong m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean NAT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ea1i Indonesia, 4,5% ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t v\u00e0 1,2% d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi PCR [23]. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem x\u00e9t 13 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u (TTM) \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 cho th\u1ea5y x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean DNA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m Plasmodium \u1edf 10 trong s\u1ed1 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1edbi hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m EIA kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u1edf ba trong b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, b\u1ecf s\u00f3t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean rRNA m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 1000 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi PCR DNA, mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba TTM th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 PCR l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u00edt h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n [24].<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u0169. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc hay x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m NAT. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

    \n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> World Health Organization. 2009. “S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u: C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.” <\/span>Screening for transfusion-transmissible infections<\/span><\/i> (WHO Press). <\/span>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK142989\/<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [2] Asia Pacific Blood Network. 2019. “B\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u.” White Paper, 12.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Viet, Le, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Phung Xuan Ty, Bj\u00f6rn Bj\u00f6rkvoll, Hedda Hoel, Tore Gutteberg, Anne Husebekk, Stig Larsen, Eystein Skjerve, and Hans Husum. 2012. “T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m virus vi\u00eam gan B v\u00e0 vi\u00eam gan C \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.” <\/span>The Indian Journal of Medical Research<\/span><\/i> (Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi) 136 (1): 74-81. <\/span>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/230656382_Prevalence_of_hepatitis_B_hepatitis_C_virus_infections_in_potential_blood_donors_in_rural_Vietnam<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> World Health Organization. 2012. <\/span>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u.<\/span><\/i> Geneva: World Health Organization. <\/span>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK138218\/<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Peeling, Rosanna W., David Mabey, Mary L. Kamb, Xiang-Sheng Chen, Justin D. Radolf, and Adele S. Benzaken. \u201cSyphilis.\u201d Nature Reviews Disease Primers 3, no. 1 (Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2017). <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> Rattanatham, Rujikorn, Wanida Mala, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Chutima Rattanawan, Supakanya Lasom, Kinley Wangdi, vaf Manas Kotepui. \u201cT\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh giang mai \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan.\u201d <\/span>Scientific Reports<\/span><\/i> 15, no. 1 (Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2025). <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-94332-3<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Moreira-Soto, Andres, Ignacio Postigo-Hidalgo, Ximena Tabares, Yannik Roell, Carlo Fischer, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Thomas Jaenisch, Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Levi, Yaniv Lustig, v\u00e0 Jan Felix Drexler. \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u: R\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus Oropouche v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i arbovirus m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Caribe.\u201d <\/span>The Lancet Regional Health – Americas<\/span><\/i> 46 (Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2025): 101089. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101089<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> Bangalee, Avania, Sachin Bhoora, v\u00e0 Rivak Punchoo. \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.\u201d <\/span>South African Family Practice<\/span><\/i> 63, no. 1 (Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021). <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/safp.v63i1.5316<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> Huynh, Katie. “X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV.” StatPearls [Internet]., Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2023. <\/span>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482145\/<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> \u201cS\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng vi\u00eam gan C.\u201d Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2025. <\/span>https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/diagnosis-testing\/index.html<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> Conners, Erin E., Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Megan G. Hofmeister, Philip R. Spradling, Liesl M. Hagan, Aaron M. Harris, Jessica S. Rogers-Brown v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. \u201cS\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec5m virus vi\u00eam gan B: Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a CDC \u2013 Hoa K\u1ef3, 2023.\u201d <\/span>MMWR. Recommendations and Reports<\/span><\/i> 72, no. 1 (Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2023): 1\u201325. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7201a1<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> Huang, Rongrong, v\u00e0 Jieli Lee. “X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m vi\u00eam gan B.” \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Patricia Tsang. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4n B\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc. Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2025. <\/span>https:\/\/www.pathologyoutlines.com\/topic\/chemistryhepatitisB.html<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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    [23]<\/a> Nethasia Louhenapessy, Nethasia, Ria\u00a0 Syafitri Evi Ria Syafitri Evi Gantini, Susan Rahayu, Elisabeth Lilipory, Heri Wibowo, Yuyun Soedarmono, v\u00e0 Inge Sutanto. \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh \u1edf Indonesia.\u201d <\/span>Medical Journal of Indonesia<\/span><\/i> 30, no. 3 (Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021): 191\u201397. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13181\/mji.oa.215491<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a> Galel, Susan A. \u201cX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u.\u201d <\/span>Transfusion<\/span><\/i> 64, no. 12 (Ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2024): 2325\u201331. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.18061<\/span>.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    N\u1ed9i dung: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u T\u1eeb kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn RNA: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u Phi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng: tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh: b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic: c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m axit nucleic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u1edf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":133931,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"pillarandcategory":[8101,282],"reporter":[14896],"class_list":["post-147056","acf_article","type-acf_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pillarandcategory-blood-screening-2","pillarandcategory-disease-area","reporter-nadine-verdoorn"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/147056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/acf_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/147056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149073,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/147056\/revisions\/149073"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/133931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147056"},{"taxonomy":"pillarandcategory","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pillarandcategory?post=147056"},{"taxonomy":"reporter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reporter?post=147056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}