C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 Lab Insights g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 14 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2u \u00c1-Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 U sinh d\u1ee5c (AOGIN 2022). C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi-r\u00fat papilloma \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HPV) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb di\u1ec5n ra trong 3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u2018\u201890-70-90\u2019\u2019, bao g\u1ed3m ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Suresh Kumarasamy, b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng gia \u1edf Ireland (UCD, Malaysia campus) nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cV\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 40%, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t xa ph\u00eda sau ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 345 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eafc xin ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00eam b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u1eafc xin h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i AOGIN 2022 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau:<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i AOGIN 2022 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u1edf Australia \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u1edf Malaysia.<\/p>\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 90-70-90 c\u1ee7a WHO l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 90% c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin HPV \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 15 tu\u1ed5i. Theo B\u00e1c s\u0129 Suzanne Garland, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1ec1 B\u1ec7nh Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i \u00dac, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean phong trong ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0y. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ch\u1ee7ng HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng r\u1ea5t cao \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, Australia \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin HPV cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 70% \u1edf nam thanh ni\u00ean. \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3,\u201d B\u00e1c s\u0129 Garland chia s\u1ebb. \u201cTrong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.\u201d<\/p>\n
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin [1]. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Karen Canfell, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Daffodil \u1edf \u00dac, chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4,9\u20136,0 tri\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho HPV 16\/18 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00a06,7\u20137,7 tri\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan r\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00eau ra \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin HPV c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Ryo Konno c\u1ee7a Khoa S\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 khoa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y Jichi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd s\u1edbm ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 9 n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eafc-xin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam khi \u0111\u00e3 qua tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean [2].<\/p>\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 90-70-90 c\u1ee7a WHO l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o 70% ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 35 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 45. S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 4 ca ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i 100.000 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1edbm h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u [2]. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m DNA HPV c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n B\u00e1c s\u0129 Neerja Bhatla, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh S\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 khoa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Y t\u1ebf All India \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 70% ph\u1ea1m vi bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.\u201d \u201cCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, [th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n] c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 4 trong s\u1ed1 10 qu\u1ed1c gia ASEAN \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 chi tr\u1ea3 cho x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5p trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn 3,20 USD cho m\u1ed7i 1 USD chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 26 USD khi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef [3].<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c sau s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jautpol Srisomboon c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chiang Mai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo d\u00f5i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 soi c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung do chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00a020\u201440% trong vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tinh th\u1ea7n do ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m kh\u00e1m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Srisomboon cho bi\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m DNA HPV \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 77 t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c soi c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 2% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh HIV. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2014 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 6 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em nhi\u1ec5m HIV, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 sau c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nam Phi. \u00a0V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung cao g\u1ea5p 6 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV, do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec5m HPV m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi [4].<\/p>\n B\u00e1c s\u0129 Annette A. Sohn, b\u00e1c s\u0129 nhi khoa ki\u00eam Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ki\u00eam Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c TREAT Asia t\u1ea1i amFAR, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eafc HIV n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. B\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd HPV trong nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. V\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Woo Yin Ling, Chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 khoa t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Y khoa \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Malaya v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ROSE (m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf Malaysia) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o (xem d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y trong ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung) ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m do nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu qua \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1eabu l\u1ea5y qua \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y [5].<\/p>\n C\u00e1c Ngu\u1ed3n T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1c<\/em>:<\/p>\n Arbyn, M. et al<\/a>. (2018) \u201cDetecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: Updated meta-analyses,\u201d BMJ [Preprint]. Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k4823.<\/p>\n Polman, N.J. et al<\/a>. (2019) \u201cPerformance of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse: A randomised, paired screen-positive, non-inferiority trial,\u201d The Lancet Oncology, 20(2), pp. 229\u2013238. Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(18)30763-0.<\/p>\n Saville, M. et al<\/a>. (2020) \u201cAnalytical performance of HPV assays on vaginal self-collected vs practitioner-collected cervical samples: The scope study,\u201d Journal of Clinical Virology, 127, p. 104375. Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104375.<\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em>:<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Simms, K.T. et al. (2019) \u201cImpact of scaled up human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening and the potential for global elimination of cervical cancer in 181 countries, 2020\u201399: A modelling study,\u201d The Lancet Oncology, 20(3), pp. 394\u2013407. Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(18)30836-2.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> Burger, E.A. et al. (2020) \u201cProjected time to elimination of cervical cancer in the USA: A comparative modelling study,\u201d The Lancet Public Health, 5(4). Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-2667(20)30006-2.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> A cervical cancer-free future: First-ever global commitment to eliminate a cancer. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Truy c\u1eadp: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/17-11-2020-a-cervical-cancer-free-future-first-ever-global-commitment-to-eliminate-a-cancer (Accessed: December 8, 2022).<\/p>\nS\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu<\/h2>\n