{"id":147335,"date":"2021-06-08T01:45:54","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T01:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/acf_article\/covid-vuot-qua-tu-chu-danh-tinh-va-tuong-lai-cua-du-lieu-y-te\/"},"modified":"2026-01-27T09:51:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T09:51:46","slug":"covid-passes-self-sovereign-identity-and-the-future-of-medical-data","status":"publish","type":"acf_article","link":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/management\/covid-passports\/covid-passes-self-sovereign-identity-and-the-future-of-medical-data\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, ‘t\u01b0\u0323 chu\u0309 danh ti\u0301nh’ v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u y t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i COVID l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n. Trong khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn xoay quanh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kha\u0301c trong danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eafc-xin cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ea5y t\u01a1\u0300 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea5y t\u01a1\u0300 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ebb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0 chu\u0301ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ea\u0300 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n ba\u0309o m\u00e2\u0323t ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. COVID \u0111\u00e3 ta\u0323o ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng\u2014tu\u1ed5i, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh\u2014v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta li\u00ea\u0323u c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Ha\u0300nh \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng ‘t\u01b0\u0323 chu\u0309 danh ti\u0301nh’<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p. V\u00ec v\u1eady, thay v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh ID (Identification, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n) (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c), b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 xa\u0301c nh\u00e2\u0323n v\u01a1\u0301i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam nh\u01b0\u0303ng th\u00f4ng tin ho\u0323 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t pha\u0309i bi\u00ea\u0301t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian COVID, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecd xem nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh, hay SSI, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ea\u0300 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m chu\u0309 danh ti\u0301nh cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u00ea\u0323c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kha\u0301c bi\u1ebft gi\u0300 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Doc Searls m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau [1]: “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ca\u0301c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cu\u0323 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 giao di\u0323ch v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong kinh doanh.”<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh\u2014d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hay nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1eadp c\u01b0\u2014v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh), c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i World Wide Web, hay W3C, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ‘th\u00f4ng tin xa\u0301c th\u01b0\u0323c danh ti\u0301nh’ nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2019, cho bi\u1ebft ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ca\u0301c th\u00f4ng tin xa\u0301c th\u01b0\u0323c ‘\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y’. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 COVID, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u0303ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng blockchain, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Bitcoin. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho ‘h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu COVID’\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh IATA (International Air Transport Association, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) v\u00e0 blockchain. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a blockchain l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0o n\u1eafm gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c k\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 k\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ‘v\u00ed \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u0309’ ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Vi\u00ea\u0323c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean blockchain, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n na\u0300o \u0111o\u0301. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00edt co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u00ea\u0323c chia se\u0309 th\u00f4ng tin ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan co\u0301 th\u00e2\u0309m quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0u gi\u01b0\u0303, ma\u0300 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, theo \u0111o\u0301 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 Michel Kilzi, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y [2]: “N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 la\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u0323 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.”<\/p>\n

SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u y t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u sang m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh phi t\u1eadp trung, hay DID, trong \u0111\u00f3 SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai cho gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe, li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u2014v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Brazil [3], \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf. V\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t “v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3”. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e2\u0300m tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra. SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thu\u1ed1c theo toa.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1edbi D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf UK (United Kingdom, Li\u00ean hi\u00ea\u0323p V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00f4\u0301c Anh) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) [4] \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t qua\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n th\u00e2\u0309m quy\u00ea\u0300n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Trong giai \u0111oa\u0323n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Y khoa c\u1ea5p xa\u0301c nh\u00e2\u0323n ‘gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1’ t\u01a1\u0301i c\u00e1c v\u00ed SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 do nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh xa\u0301c nh\u00e2\u0323n ha\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang la\u0300m vi\u00ea\u0323c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ma\u0303 \u0111i\u0323nh danh ‘\u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp’ \u0111\u00ea\u0309 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng truy c\u00e2\u0323p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi COVID b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 84 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u0323c thu\u00f4\u0323c NHS (National Health Service, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i [5] \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “Ngay c\u1ea3 khi xa\u0301c minh phi t\u1eadp trung \u0111ang ‘th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh’ v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vi\u00ea\u0323c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 blockchain, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gia\u0309i pha\u0301p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ca\u0301c v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 c\u0169.”<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 khung qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ed danh t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ean CardSpace tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u01b0\u0300 bo\u0309 nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn blockchain v\u00e0 DID (decentralised identifier, m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh phi t\u1eadp trung).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi [6] v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng th\u00f4ng minh, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai, hay PKI, m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung tin c\u1eady nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua PKI (public key infrastructure, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai), trong \u0111\u00f3 WHO (World Health Organization, T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c Y t\u00ea\u0301 th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung gian \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady thay m\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4\u0323t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng COVID v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> “Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh) c\u1ea7n”, D\u1ef1 \u00e1n VRM<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> “Ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n”, Forbes<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> “Blockchain v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p\u00a0d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe: T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng”<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> “X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i SSI (self-sovereign identity, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 danh ti\u0301nh): H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i NHS (National Health Service, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia)”, Technometria<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Zwitter, A.J., et al., 2020. Danh ti\u0301nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Blockchain: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n quy\u00ea\u0300n “t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7”. Nh\u01b0\u0303ng ranh gi\u01a1\u0301i trong Blockchain,<\/em>3,pp.26.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng th\u00f4ng minh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i COVID l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":85182,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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