{"id":149764,"date":"2026-01-14T01:28:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T01:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/acf_article\/loi-the-phong-xet-nghiem-toi-uu-hoa-chan-doan-sti-de-co-cac-quyet-dinh-lam-sang-tot-hon\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T10:15:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T10:15:01","slug":"the-laboratory-edge-optimising-sti-diagnostics-for-better-clinical-decisions","status":"publish","type":"acf_article","link":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/disease-area\/womens-health\/the-laboratory-edge-optimising-sti-diagnostics-for-better-clinical-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m: t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n STI \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (STI) \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. STI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi [1]. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ca m\u1eafc STI m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c [2]. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf [3, 4]. V\u00ec c\u00e1c STI ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nghi ng\u1edd STI nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhanh h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n [5]. M\u1ed7i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. [6] C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i axit nucleic (NAATs) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh (AMR).<\/p>\n

G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng STI t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n

Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m STI cao. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong n\u0103m 2020, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 86 tri\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi m\u1eafc b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh STI: Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (l\u1eadu), Treponema pallidum (giang mai) v\u00e0 trichomonas (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng roi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o) [7]. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh STI n\u00e0y trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u [2]. T\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STIs. Chlamydia, b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu, b\u1ec7nh giang mai v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng roi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p STI kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng [5]; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebfu tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. K\u1ef3 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STI [8].<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STI l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u1eabn kinh t\u1ebf do STI g\u00e2y ra. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh (th\u00f4ng qua truy v\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac), do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng [9]. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ee9c th\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb g\u00ec \u2013 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n sai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 chlamydia v\u00e0 l\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sinh s\u1ea3n, bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam v\u00f9ng ch\u1eadu [10, 11]. B\u1ec7nh giang mai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 tim m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong [12]. STI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con, g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thai k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 STI b\u1ea9m sinh \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh [13]. Nhi\u1ec1u STI c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan virus suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HIV) [14]. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh trong STI<\/em><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh STIs theo h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n (AMR). AMR x\u1ea3y ra khi vi khu\u1ea9n, vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00fang [15]. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi STI, m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a AMR \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t danh ‘si\u00eau l\u1eadu’ [16, 17]. Ciprofloxacin- v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu kh\u00e1ng penicillin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng [18]. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0n lan \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u2013 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y [15]. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u01b0u ti\u00ean [15].<\/p>\n

NAAT: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STI<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i acid nucleic (NAAT) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu v\u1eadt cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 vi r\u00fat v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. N\u1ebfu NAAT ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n axit deoxyribonucleic (DNA) ho\u1eb7c axit ribonucleic (RNA) c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh trong m\u1eabu th\u1eed, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ed7i polymerase (PCR). Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, NAAT \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng roi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1eadu, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c [19]. NAAT th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh trong m\u1eabu th\u1eed ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf [6, 20]. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho NAAT tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NAAT, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh STI nh\u01b0 chlamydia v\u00e0 l\u1eadu l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o [21, 22]. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng – v\u00e0 g\u1eedi m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t [22]. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 [23]. NAAT, khi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n so s\u00e1nh, \u00edt x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng roi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 thu th\u1eadp; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m v\u00f9ng ch\u1eadu (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef) ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y d\u1ecbch ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi) [24]. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, m\u1eabu ph\u1ebft \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 thu th\u1eadp l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi [24, 28]. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y d\u1ecbch ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o [29]. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u “r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tham gia” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t STI, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh Hoa K\u1ef3 (CDC), Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 HIV Anh (BASHH) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Y h\u1ecdc HIV \u00dac (ASHM) hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAAT \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u STI c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng [25, 26, 27, 28, 29]. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m: t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung<\/strong><\/em> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m NAAT l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NAAT tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn phi t\u1eadp trung (X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 – POC) nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau; n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, theo d\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh STI, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 chlamydia v\u00e0 l\u1eadu v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t y t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 STI l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ea khai, bao g\u1ed3m \u00dac, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng [30, 31, 32]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Trung b\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 STI th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n [33, 34, 35]. Tuy nhi\u00ean, can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu, v\u00ec t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 phi t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ngay trong l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. Th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y AMR. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u1edf g\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STI t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh: s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng y t\u1ebf [5]. B\u1edfi m\u1ed7i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 phi t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3ng gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m AMR ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh STI, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m STI ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m phi t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhanh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc – cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd STI: ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ec7nh STI ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c (AMR), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t chu\u1ed7i l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n STI v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u01b0 NAAT c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu linh ho\u1ea1t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAAT v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m NAAT t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m d\u00f9ng cho s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, l\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ee7i ro cao v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng sinh. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao. H\u1ecd n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Sau c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Fu, L. et al. (2022) \u2018Incidence trends of five common sexually transmitted infections excluding HIV from 1990 to 2019 at the Global, regional, and national levels: Results from the global burden of disease study 2019\u2019, Frontiers in Medicine, 9. <\/span>doi:10.3389\/fmed.2022.851635.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) <\/span>New report flags major increase in sexually transmitted infections, amidst challenges in HIV and hepatitis<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/21-05-2024-new-report-flags-major-increase-in-sexually-transmitted-infections—amidst-challenges-in-hiv-and-hepatitis<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Chesson, H.W., Mayaud, P. v\u00e0 Aral, S.O. (2017) \u2018Sexually transmitted infections: Impact and cost-effectiveness of prevention\u2019, in <\/span>Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6): Major Infectious Diseases<\/span><\/i>, pp. 203\u2013232. <\/span>doi:10.1596\/978-1-4648-0524-0_ch10.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Yamani, L.N. et al. (2025) \u2018Associations between socio-demographics, sexual knowledge and behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among reproductive-age women in Southeast Asia: Demographic health survey results\u2019, BMC Public Health, 25(1). <\/span>doi:10.1186\/s12889-025-21962-7.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2025) <\/span>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) <\/span>Laboratory and point-of-care diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV<\/span><\/i>, 4th edn, Geneva: World Health Organization.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.) <\/span>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the Western Pacific<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/sexually-transmitted-infections<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Balakrishnan, V. et al. (2023) \u2018A Scoping Review of Knowledge, Awareness, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Risky Behaviors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Southeast Asia\u2019, Healthcare, 11(8), 1093. <\/span>doi: 10.3390\/healthcare11081093.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.) <\/span>Global Sexually Transmitted Infections Programme<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/stis\/treatment-care<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) <\/span>Chlamydia<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chlamydia<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2025) <\/span>Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection)<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/gonorrhoea-(neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2025) <\/span>Syphilis<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/syphilis<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> RACGP (2004) <\/span>STIs in pregnancy: an update for GPs<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.racgp.org.au\/getattachment\/0c4e7741-ce6c-44ab-86ea-4edc20f1e14f\/20040901ooi.pdf<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2025) <\/span>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/sexually-transmitted-infections<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) <\/span>Antimicrobial resistance<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Fifer, H. v\u00e0 Johnson, A. (2025) \u2018The continuing evolution of antibiotic resistance in <\/span>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/span><\/i>: past, present and future threats to effective treatment\u2019, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 80(5), pp.1213\u20131219.<\/span> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf109<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.) <\/span>What\u2019s super about super gonorrhoea? A Q&A with Dr Teodora Wi<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/campaigns\/world-amr-awareness-week\/2018\/features-from-around-the-world\/super-gonorrhoea-q-a-with-dr.-teodora-wi<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: [Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c]).<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.) <\/span>Gonococcal antimicrobial resistance in the Western Pacific region<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/sexually-transmitted-infections\/gonococcal-antimicrobial-resistance-in-the-western-pacific-region<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Cosentino, L.A. et al. (2012) \u2018Use of nucleic acid amplification testing for diagnosis of anorectal sexually transmitted infections\u2019, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50(6), pp. 2005\u20132008. <\/span>doi:10.1128\/jcm.00185-12.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Tobin, L. et al. (2020) \u2018Is it time to use nucleic acid amplification tests for identification of persons with sexually transmitted infections?: evidence from seroprevalence and behavioral epidemiology risk surveys in men with chlamydia and gonorrhea\u2019, The Pan African Medical Journal, 36, 299. <\/span>doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2020.36.299.20777<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Serra-Pladevall, J. et al. (2015) \u2018Comparison between conventional culture and NAATs for the microbiological diagnosis in gonococcal infection\u2019, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 83(4), pp. 341\u2013343. <\/span>doi:10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.08.005<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Public Health Laboratory Network (n.d.) <\/span>Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) \u2013 Laboratory case definition<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2022\/06\/chlamydia-laboratory-case-definition<\/span>_0.pdf (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Denison, H.J. (2018) \u2018Barriers to sexually transmitted infection testing in New Zealand: a qualitative study\u2019, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 41(4), pp. 432\u2013437.<\/span> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-6405.12680<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Gaydos, C.A. (2005) \u2018Nucleic acid amplification tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia: practice and applications\u2019, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 19(2), pp. 367\u2013386. <\/span>doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2005.03.006.<\/span><\/p>\n

[25] World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) <\/span>Point-of-care tests for sexually transmitted infections: Target product profiles<\/span><\/i>, Geneva: World Health Organization.<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2021) <\/span>Chlamydial infections<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/chlamydia.htm<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[27] Coleman, H. et al. (2023) <\/span>BASHH Summary guidance on testing for sexually transmitted infections<\/span><\/i>, 2nd edn, London: British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH).<\/span><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM) (2024) <\/span>Chlamydia<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/chlamydia\/<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM) (2024) <\/span>Gonorrhoea<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/gonorrhoea\/<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: [Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c]).<\/span><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Australian Department of Health, Disability and Ageing (2025) <\/span>National notifiable diseases surveillance system (NNDSS)<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/our-work\/nndss<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Zhu, B. et al. (2017) \u2018Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Infections in China: Epidemiologic Trends and Spatial Changing Patterns\u2019, Sustainability, 9(10), 1784. doi.org\/10.3390\/su9101784.<\/span><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Kawado, M. et al. (2020) \u2018Estimating nationwide cases of sexually transmitted diseases in 2015 from Sentinel Surveillance Data in Japan\u2019, BMC Infectious Diseases, 20(1). <\/span>doi:10.1186\/s12879-020-4801-x.<\/span><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Stay STI Free (n.d.) <\/span>About STIs<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.staystifree.org.au\/about-stis<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: [Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c]).<\/span><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (n.d.) <\/span>Accessing Our STI Clinic \/ Make a Booking<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.mshc.org.au\/clinics-services\/accessing-our-sti-clinic\/make-a-booking<\/span><\/a> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> DSC Clinic, National Skin Centre, Singapore (n.d.) <\/span>Clinical STI Testing<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.nsc.com.sg\/dsc\/our-services-for-patients-and-visitors\/dsc-services\/Clinical-STI-Testing\/Pages\/default.aspx<\/span><\/a> (Truy c\u1eadp: ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Bumrungrad Hospital, Thailand (n.d.) <\/span>C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by NAAT (Urethral Swab)<\/span><\/i> [Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn]. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i:<\/span> https:\/\/www.bumrungrad.com\/lab-service-guide\/labs\/c-trachomatis-and-n-gonorrhoeae-by-naat-(urethral-swab<\/span> (Truy c\u1eadp: 3 December 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (STI) \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. STI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi [1]. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ca m\u1eafc STI […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":142092,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"pillarandcategory":[288,282],"reporter":[15029],"class_list":["post-149764","acf_article","type-acf_article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pillarandcategory-womens-health","pillarandcategory-disease-area","reporter-andrea-wijeweera"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/149764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/acf_article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/149764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149956,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/acf_article\/149764\/revisions\/149956"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149764"},{"taxonomy":"pillarandcategory","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pillarandcategory?post=149764"},{"taxonomy":"reporter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reporter?post=149764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}