S\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan<\/p>\n
v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eafc-xin ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng” cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a\u0303 ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i h\u1ecdc, tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi<\/p>\n
l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eafc-xin, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, lo\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ti\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ti\u00eam. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c nhau. Li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eafc-xin c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o?<\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh dai d\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch do v\u1eafc-xin t\u1ea1o ra, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec COVID-19 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 n\u00e0o – v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng – m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3<\/p>\n
c\u00f3.H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng minh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch khi pin \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung<\/p>\n
s\u1eed g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed – h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng minh mang theo m\u1ed9t con chip ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con chip c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh (ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c minh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mang theo. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICAO) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chip trong h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1eabn nhau, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft<\/p>\n
n\u1ed1i.Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u0169ng n\u00eau l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p) v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa. Nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu sinh tr\u1eafc<\/p>\n
h\u1ecdc.Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng ai s\u1ebd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai (PKI) – kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ICAO, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay<\/p>\n
kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ng\u1ea1i li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ), c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 chip v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc – c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hay qu\u1ed1c gia hay<\/p>\n
kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ) g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 theo k\u1ecbp s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997, nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ecdp, v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecdp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1998, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch. Trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 2000, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001.<\/p>\n
Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Trung t\u00e2m Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2001, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ICAO, v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1edf h\u1eefu lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016 [1].T\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng [2]. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho nh\u1eefng ai m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong ch\u1edbp<\/p>\n
c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang<\/p>\n
t\u01b0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng sinh tr\u1eafc h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, li\u1ec7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/p>\n
nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
v\u00e0 danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p xem v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n in m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mang theo \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, l\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ebb QR, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu<\/p>\n
c\u1ea7n.Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan nh\u01b0 ePassport, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ean ID2020, do Microsoft, Accenture, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean Gavi v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 Rockefeller th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Th\u1ebb S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe T\u1ed1t (Good Health Pass Principles). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y<\/p>\n
\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebb y t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi<\/p>\n
n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o COVID-19, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn.Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o? S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 COVID-19 (CCI), m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edf do Qu\u1ef9 Y t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Linux (LFPH) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong Li\u00ean minh M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (W3C), c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u0323c tuy\u00ea\u0301n.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0 Good Health Pass Collaborative \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: “M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0: trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u – ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch.” Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng<\/p>\n
y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebb y t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eafc-xin \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u1eafc-xin b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, hay h\u1ecd s\u1ebd<\/p>\n
\u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n (ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eam) v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3? Li\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m khi cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c<\/em><\/p>\n