{"id":140359,"date":"2019-04-30T03:50:42","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T03:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/acf_article\/%e7%9e%ad%e8%a7%a3%e6%95%97%e8%a1%80%e7%97%87%e9%99%8d%e9%88%a3%e7%b4%a0%e5%8e%9fpct%ef%bc%9a%e6%9b%b4%e5%a5%bd%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%ba%e6%96%b7%e8%88%87%e6%b1%ba%e7%ad%96\/"},"modified":"2026-01-19T07:26:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T07:26:56","slug":"understanding-the-role-of-pct-in-sepsis","status":"publish","type":"acf_article","link":"https:\/\/labinsights.com\/zhtw\/disease-area\/sepsis\/understanding-the-role-of-pct-in-sepsis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u77ad\u89e3\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f(PCT)\uff1a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8207\u6c7a\u7b56"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\" style=\"font-family: Inter !important; font-weight: 500 !important; font-size: 28px !important; line-height: 36px !important; letter-spacing: 0px !important;\">\u7c21\u4ecb-\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u4e2d\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f<\/h2>\n<p id=\"h.p__DUs3zx6TXHI\">\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u662f\u5165\u4f4f\u52a0\u8b77\u75c5\u623f(ICU)\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u662f\u4f4f\u9662\u60a3\u8005\u767c\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u6b63\u78ba\u8a3a\u65b7\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c0d\u65bc\u505a\u51fa\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u8005\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5728\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7167\u8b77\u7684\u524d12\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\uff0c\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\u6bcf\u5ef6\u90725\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u7d041% [1]\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"h.p_UjB5s6ELt7vo\">\u6cbb\u7642\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u77ad\u89e3\u9ad8\u71d2\u662f\u5426\u7531\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u767c\u708e\u53cd\u61c9\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4(SIRS)\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u82e5\u767c\u751f\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u61c9\u5224\u65b7\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u6216\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u958b\u59cb\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\uff0c\u91ab\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u8ffd\u8e64\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f55\u6642\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u505c\u6b62\u6cbb\u7642<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u53ef\u5728\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528<strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"h.p_tfpHjfput7vq\">\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18<strong>\u2014<\/strong>\u60a3\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6307\u6a19<strong>\u2014<\/strong>\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7b49\u56b4\u91cd\u75c5\u75c7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u7570\u6027<strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u5b83\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6839\u64da\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u75c7\u72c0\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u800c\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u65e2\u6613\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u53c8\u50f9\u683c\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h.p_seK88nQ4_1ql\" class=\"text-align-justify\" tabindex=\"-1\" style=\"font-family: Inter !important; 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id=\"h.p_Ne44Gyxev6X3\">\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u53ef\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u7d30\u80de\u6fc0\u7d20\u98a8\u66b4\u300d\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6297\u6dcb\u5df4\u7403\u86cb\u767d\uff09\u7684\u60a3\u8005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"h.p_qzrzshzMv6X4\">\u9084\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u60a3\u8005\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e2c\u5b9a\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u7d30\u5316\u60a3\u8005\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593PCT\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u622a\u6b62\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h.p_8xlXw0rxwG7z\" class=\"text-align-justify\" tabindex=\"-1\" style=\"font-family: Inter !important; font-weight: 500 !important; font-size: 28px !important; line-height: 36px !important; letter-spacing: 0px !important;\">\u5c07PCT\u7d0d\u5165\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p id=\"h.p_goa-NIgowcDh\">\u4eca\u5929\u5168\u7403\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u8e10\u6307\u5357\u5305\u62ecPCT\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2012\u5e74\u53ca2016\u5e74\u62ef\u6551\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u904b\u52d5\u6307\u5357[14]\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528PCT\u4f86\u6307\u5c0e\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u4e4b\u6297\u83cc\u6cbb\u7642\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u63a8\u79fb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u505c\u7528\u7d93\u9a57\u6027\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"h.p_b7LQkF7UwOkT\">\u5118\u7ba1PCT\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u6cbb\u7642\u6c7a\u7b56\u671f\u9593\u8003\u616e\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6539\u5584\u60a3\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u7d50\u679c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u7528\u4e14\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21144986\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a> Funk, D.J., Kumar, A.(2011).Antimicrobial therapy for life-threatening infections: speed is life.<i>Critical care clinics<\/i>, \u00a027(1), pp.53\u201376. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/pct-procalcitonin-a-new-innovative-infection-parameter-biochemical-and-clinical-aspects\/oclc\/36923436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a> Meisner, M.(1996).<i>PCT, procalcitonin: a new, innovative infection parameter : biochemical and clinical aspects<\/i>.Berlin, Brahms Diagnostica. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21440200\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Reinhart, K., Meisner, M.(2011).Biomarkers in the critically ill patient: procalcitonin.<i>Critical care clinics<\/i>,\u00a027(2), pp.253\u2013263. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12135804\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Meisner M.(2002).Pathobiochemistry and clinical use of procalcitonin.\u00a0<i>Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry<\/i>,\u00a0323(1-2), pp.17\u201329. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12071576\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]\u00a0<\/a>Morgenthaler, N.G., et al.,\u00a0(2002).Detection of procalcitonin (PCT) in healthy controls and patients with local infection by a sensitive ILMA.<i>Clinical laboratory<\/i>\uff0c\u00a048(5-6), pp.263\u2013270. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11232031\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Muller\uff0cB.\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u00a0(2001)\u2026\u2026Ubiquitous expression of the calcitonin-i gene in multiple tissues in response to sepsis.<i>The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism<\/i>,\u00a086(1), pp.396\u2013404. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15307030\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Simon\uff0cL.\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u00a0(2004)\u2026\u2026Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.<i>Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America<\/i>,\u00a039(2), pp.206\u2013217. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21369807\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Cuquemelle, E., et al.,\u00a0(2011).Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia?A multicentre study.<i>Intensive care medicine<\/i>,\u00a037(5), pp.796\u2013800. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20097454\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Aznar-Oroval\uff0cE.\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c(2010)\u2026\u2026\u00a0Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin 8, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein for detecting bacteremia and fungemia in cancer patients.<i>Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica<\/i>,\u00a028(5), pp.273\u2013277. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11500339\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Harbarth, S., et al., (2001).Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis.<i>American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine<\/i>,\u00a0164(3), pp.396\u2013402. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17959641\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a> Kr\u00fcger, S., et al., (2008).Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia across all CRB-65 classes.<i>The European respiratory journal<\/i>,\u00a031(2), pp.349\u2013355. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC29013\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Meisner, M., et al., (1999).Comparison of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations at different SOFA scores during the course of sepsis and MODS.<i>Critical care (London, England<\/i>,\u00a03(1), pp.45\u201350. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2689475\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]\u00a0<\/a>Charles, P.E., et al., (2009).Procalcitonin kinetics within the first days of sepsis: relationship with the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy and the outcome.<i>Critical care (London\uff0cEngland)<\/i>\uff0c\u00a013(2)\uff0cR38\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Rhodes, A., et al., (2017).\u00a0Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.\u00a0<i>Intensive Care Med<\/i>, 43, pp.304\u2013377.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u65bc\u6cf0\u570bDusit Thani Hua Hin\u8209\u884c\u4e4b Roche Scientific Days 2018: Empowering Lab Leadership to the Next Level\u767c\u8868\u7684\u00a0\u300cGet Ahead of Sepsi\u300d\u00a0\u4f5c\u6210\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7c21\u4ecb-\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u4e2d\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f \u6557\u8840\u75c7\u662f\u5165\u4f4f\u52a0\u8b77\u75c5\u623f(ICU)\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u611f\u67d3\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u662f\u4f4f\u9662\u60a3\u8005\u767c\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6b63\u78ba\u8a3a\u65b7\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c0d\u65bc\u505a\u51fa\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u8005\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5728\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7167\u8b77\u7684\u524d12\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\uff0c\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\u6bcf\u5ef6\u90725\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u7d041% [1]\u3002 \u6cbb\u7642\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u91ab\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u77ad\u89e3\u9ad8\u71d2\u662f\u5426\u7531\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u767c\u708e\u53cd\u61c9\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4(SIRS)\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u82e5\u767c\u751f\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u61c9\u5224\u65b7\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u6216\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u958b\u59cb\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\uff0c\u91ab\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u8ffd\u8e64\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f55\u6642\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u505c\u6b62\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u53ef\u5728\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u2014\u60a3\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6307\u6a19\u2014\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7b49\u56b4\u91cd\u75c5\u75c7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u7570\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6839\u64da\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u75c7\u72c0\u6539\u8b8a\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u800c\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u65e2\u6613\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u53c8\u50f9\u683c\u5408\u7406\u3002 \u4ee5\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18 \u5118\u7ba1\u5df2\u7d93\u91dd\u5c0d\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u7814\u7a76\u4e86200\u591a\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u9810\u5f8c\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a\u4ecb\u767d\u7d206 (IL-6)\u3001C&#8211;\u53cd\u61c9\u86cb\u767d(CRP)\u00a0\u53ca\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f(PCT)\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u3001\u5cf0\u503c\u53ca\u534a\u8870\u671f\u3002 PCT\u57282-6\u5c0f\u6642\u767c\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u7d0424\u5c0f\u6642\u9054\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u4e14\u534a\u8870\u671f\u70ba24\u5c0f\u6642[2]\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u4f7fPCT\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u9069\u5408\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u8a18\u86cb\u767d\u4e4b\u4e00[3]\u3002 \u964d\u9223\u7d20\u539f\u9996\u6b21\u53ef\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u4e14\u5728\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u5176\u5cf0\u503c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u7528\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u5176\u534a\u8870\u671f\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6e2c\u8a66\u76ee\u7684\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64[4]\u3002PCT\u70ba\u964d\u9223\u7d20\u4e4b\u80bd\u524d\u9a45\u7269\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u8a98\u5c0e\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684PCT\u542b\u91cf\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4f4e\u2014\u7d0446.7 pg\/mL (\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6578 = 12.7 pg\/ml)\u3002\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0cPCT\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7532\u72c0\u817a\u548c\u80ba\u90e8[5]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u81f4\u75c5\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u90fd\u5c07PCT\u5206\u6ccc\u5230\u8840\u6d41\u4e2d[6]\u3002 \u7d30\u83cc\u6bd2\u7d20\uff08\u9769\u862d\u6c0f\u967d\u6027\u548c\u9670\u6027\u5169\u8005\uff09\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u6fc0\u7d20\u523a\u6fc0\u9ad4\u5167PCT\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u5e72\u64fe\u7d20&#8211;\u03b1\uff08\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u671f\u9593\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u6291\u5236PCT\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528PCT\u5340\u5206\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cPCT\u5c0d\u7d30\u83cc\u6027\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u5177\u670989%\u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u300194%\u7684\u7279\u7570\u6027\u300190%\u7684\u9670\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\u503c(NPV)\u548c94%\u7684\u967d\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\u503c(PPV) -\u512a\u65bcIL-6\u3001CRP\u548c\u4e73\u9178\u9e7d\u751f\u7269\u6a19\u7c64[7]\u3002 PCT\u7528\u65bc\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u53ca\u9810\u5f8c PCT\u5728\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u4e2d\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u8207\u5e38\u898f\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a55\u4f30\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u65e9\u671f\u81e8\u5e8a\u6557\u8840\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u5340\u5206\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u548c\u7d30\u83cc\u6027\u793e\u7fa4\u7372\u5f97\u6027\u80ba\u708e[8]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fb5\u8972\u6027\u771f\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3[9]\u3002 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\u00a027(1), pp.53\u201376. 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